ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π»Ρ "discount" Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
ΡΡΡ.
- ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ°
- Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ
- ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ
- ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
- ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
Π³Π».
- Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
- ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ
- ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ
- Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ
- Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ
- Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
- ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
- ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ
- Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΡΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ
- ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π€ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°
- ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ°
- Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ
- Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
- ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ
- ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ
- ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ
- Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ
- ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
- Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
- ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ
- ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΡ.
She eventually said that the customer could have a discount, but that this discount was the same for Danes and Thais.
Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π².
In practice, the discount given by the agency comprised both an upfront discount and a back-end incentive.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ.
Pricing, discounting and donations
Π¦Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
In France, where there is no bank, the state bills (billets d'etat) have sometimes sold at sixty and seventy per cent discount.
ΠΠΎ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡ (billets dβΠΉtat)* [* "Examen des RΠΉflexions Politiques sur les Finances"] ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² 60 ΠΈ 70Β % Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
βSpecial discounts to Hogwarts students who swear theyβre going to use our products to get rid of this old bat,β added George, pointing at Professor Umbridge.
βΒ Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π₯ΠΎΠ³Π²Π°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ,Β β Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΠΆΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΆ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΆ.
During the great recoinage in King William's time, when the Bank of England thought proper to put a stop to its usual transactions, exchequer bills and tallies are said to have sold from twenty-five to sixty per cent discount;
ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π» Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ 25 Π΄ΠΎ 60Β %;
ΡΡΡ.
Future willingness to pay (discounted), actualised risks (pollution), future insurance premiums (discounted).
ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ (Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ), ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅), Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡ (Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ)
where r is the discount rate expressed in decimals (it is equal to the discount rate in per cent divided by 100).
Π³Π΄Π΅ r - ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
(ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° 100).
Future market potentials (discounted)
ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» (Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ)
Premiums and discounts/gains and losses on bonds
ΠΠΆΠΈΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ/ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ
The major issue relates to the choice of an appropriate discount rate.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°.
Rather low discount rate (choice may be contrivers).
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° (Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ).
The key element in this process is the selection of the discount rate.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°.
A simple discounted cash flow analysis was done using an assumed discount rate of 10 per cent.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 10%.
He said you were staying at the Discount.
Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² "ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅".
He's the one that checked you into the Discount Inn.
Π’ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π² "ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅".
You still staying at the Discount Inn?
Π’Ρ Π²ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ Π² "ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅" ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡ? Π ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ 304?
Sum of the discounted benefits of the project.
Π‘ΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
Commercial papers -- discount
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ -- Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
Commercial paper -- discounted value
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° -- ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
For this discounting operation the profit flows are added together.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ.
Sum of the discounted capital costs of the project.
Π‘ΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ.
Discounted Overall Benefits (incl.risk factor)
ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°)
Discounted Customs Benefits (incl.risk factor)
ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°)
Net Present Value (NPV) is the discounted sum of all future benefits less the discounted sum of all future costs over the appraisal period as a whole.
Π§ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ (Π§ΠΠ‘) β Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ.
Benefit/Cost Ratio (BCR) is given by the ratio of the discounted sum of all future costs and benefits except investment costs to the discounted sum of investment costs.
Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄/Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ (Π‘ΠΠ) β ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄, Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ.
The Government of the Philippines recently adopted a senior citizens law that entitles senior citizens to 20 per cent discount on transportation, meals in restaurants and the purchase of medicines.
ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 20 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ².
Π³Π».
Investments are assumed to depreciate over the technical life time, at a specific discount rate.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ "ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ" ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ΅.
Π³Π».
When working with portfolios these quantities are generally discounted for the probability that they will materialize.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
It seemed to discount the political nature of the decolonization process as such and might lead to a reduction of the funds available for the existing decolonization programmes.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
Up to the end of February 2009 tourist arrivals had continued to increase but earnings were down due to heavy discounting.
ΠΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2009 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ.
With regard to ensuring equity between different generations, the United Kingdom applies a discount rate of 3.5 per cent, which declines after 30 years.
Π ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π² 3,5%, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 30 Π»Π΅Ρ.
You are lowering the value of this team because you want to buy me out at a discount.
Π’Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°.
We also discount transportation fees on all Kansas City merchandise, 25% for the first 5 years.
ΠΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΠ°Π½Π·Π°Ρ-Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° 25% Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 5 Π»Π΅Ρ.
In practice, this results in an initial discount equivalent to about 70 per cent of the market value of the flat
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 70% Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
The projected revenues are calculated, discounted for risk and then further reduced so as to provide an acceptable margin of profit for the provider of the capital.
Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ.
Because of uncertainties and the need to discount the delayed impact of specific measures which serve to reduce T', the emphasis on specific measures necessarily has a time dimension.
13. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ T', Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.
Now you're gonna take a bit of a discount.
Π ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ.
We can even offer meals at a discount price
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°.
I clean their pool, give them a discount, help them out.
Π― ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΌ.
Though I discount medical terms and shrubs.
ΠΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Ρ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².
And does he give a discount to all of his handicapped clients?
ΠΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ-ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ?
That Mr. Gold discounted his services in trade for this transport of seniors.
ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠΎΠ»Π΄ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π» ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ.
Your mother's so fat, she went to Sizzler's, and the bitch got a group discount.
Π’Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ... ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½Π° Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² Π±Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡ.
frequent deposits of cheques or requests for bill discounting, especially for round numbers, with several endorsements, showing other recurring features, or issued to the bearer or to the drawer;
- ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°;
The facility of discounting bills of exchange it may be thought indeed, gives the English merchants a conveniency equivalent to the cash accounts of the Scotch merchants.
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌ.
It is chiefly by discounting bills of exchange, that is, by advancing money upon them before they are due, that the greater part of banks and bankers issue their promissory notes.
ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡ, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ.Β Π΅. Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°.
The commerce of Scotland, which at present is not very great, was still more inconsiderable when the two first banking companies were established, and those companies would have had but little trade had they confined their business to the discounting of bills of exchange.
Π’ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ Π¨ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
It cannot be discounted that attempted meddling will re-emerge.
ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.
In the analysis, certain indicators that may skew the results must be discounted.
ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.
I would request him to reconcile this with repeated statements of the Defence Minister of Pakistan discounting the possibility of war.
Π― ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ» Π±Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ.
For example, in sexual assault cases, the general failure of society to see people with disabilities as sexual beings may result in judges and juries discounting the testimony of witnesses.
ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
Therefore the Panel concludes that the only way to distinguish what was βold and overdueβ from what was actually new debt as of 2 August 1990 is to discount the effects of the foreign debt on Iraqβs ability to make contractual payments owed - i.e., the rescheduling and unusually long payment terms obtained by Iraq from foreign parties in the 1980s.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ "ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ" ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 2 Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ° 1990 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° - ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ
Whereas the WTO Appellate Body discounts practice which is contradicted by the practice of any other party to the treaty, the European Court of Human Rights, faced with non-uniform practice, has sometimes regarded the practice of a "vast majority" or a "near consensus" of the parties to the European Convention to be determinative.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΏΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ ΠΠ’Π Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ "Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°" ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ "ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ" ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ.
While the traditional approach to competitiveness discounts the external economies associated with innovation, the more recent evolutionary - neo-institutionalist school proposes innovation and technical change at the firm level as a key determinant of international competitiveness in addition to the ability to compete in delivery on the basis of prior investments.
Π ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π½ΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ.
You know, not to discount the crazy, but no lunar effect on human behavior has ever been established.
ΠΠ½Π°Π΅ΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
, ΡΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ.
The sun and the moon might still be gods, but they were gods who obeyed strict laws, apparently without any exceptions, if one discounts stories like that of the sun stopping for Joshua.
Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅.
Π³Π».
So you discount the encephalitis he was suffering as a cause?
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, Π²Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ?
Π³Π».
If this amount is discounted, the balance still represents an improvement, but a less significant one.
ΠΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
If amounts had not already been discounted or otherwise adjusted to reflect the amount of compensation received, amounts claimed for the corresponding losses were reduced accordingly.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ.
In response to a question, the Director, GCO, stated that while the currency of record used by the United Nations was the United States dollar, the secretariat would try in future to include income details in local currency, in addition to United States dollars, to facilitate comparison of performance with prior years, thereby discounting/excluding the impact of exchange rate variances.
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠΠ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Ρ Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π¨ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅, Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π»Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π‘Π¨Π, Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ/ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ².
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